Risk Factors For hypertension
1. Excess weight
2. Excess salt intake
Hypertension & diabetes both are uncurable diseases.We can only control these diseases. Hypertension can worsen diabetic retinopathy. Both these diseases can damage kidney & this again leads to worsening of diabetic retinopathy
Hypertension is ranked as the fourth greatest mortality risk factor in the world. It is defined as a state of persistent elevated blood pressure above 140/90 mm of Hg on two or more blood pressure recordings.
Hypertension may be divided into primary and secondary. Primary (or essential) hypertension is by far the most common type, representing more than 90% of cases. Secondary hypertension may be iatrogenic (oral contraceptives, steroid therapy) or may be caused by renal parenchymal disease, renal artery stenosis, and endocrine causes
It affects the arteries, veins, choroids and the optic nerve. Hypertensive retinopathy is a well-known condition. Its characterized by narrowing of retinal arteries. Hypertension can cause retinal artery & vein occlusion. Choroidopathy in malignant hypertension may affect visual function permanently but may also in part be related to two other factors, the compromised circulation of the optic nerve and maculopathy in the form of extensive macular exudates. These exudates are lipid deposits. The fundus changes may be the reflections of changes that are going on in other organs of the body like heart, brain and the kidneys. DM & HT are 2 enemies which once enter our body will remain for whole life. There is no cure. We can only control HT & DM. It is also the most important risk factor for cerebral vascular disease & heart attack. The mortality and morbidity associated with hypertension also include renal and ophthalmic end-organ damage. HT can cause ischemic heart disease(IHD) & cardiac failure. Hypertension patient can develop sudden cerebrovascular attacks(stroke).Sudden reduction of blood pressure through the administration of multiple antihypertensive medications may result in hypoperfusion and ischemic injury to susceptible tissues
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